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News and Multi-media News Agencies and Newspapers News agencies: China has two news agencies.Xinhua (New China) News Agency and China News Service. Xinhua is the nation.s official news agency, with its head office in Beijing. Its major task is to collect and distribute important news and information concerning politics, economy and culture in both China and the rest of the world. In 1944 Xinhua News Agency began overseas broadcasting in English, and in 1948 its first overseas branch was established. Beginning in the 1950s, Xinhua News Agency has gradually developed into a major international news agency. Its head office is composed of the Overseas News Department, the International News Department and other departments. It has major branch offices in the Asian-Pacific region, the Middle East, Latin America, Africa and other regions, and more than 100 smaller branches in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, the Macao Special Administrative Region and abroad. Xinhua News Agency now releases news, news photos and features abroad in Chinese, English, French, Russian, Spanish, Arabic and other languages. It has offices in Hong Kong and overseas to publish news releases, offices in Hong Kong, Paris and London to transmit photos, offices in Asia, Latin America, the Middle East, Africa, North America, and Western and Eastern Europe to supply news releases by telex to the local newspapers, radio stations and news agencies in many languages, and special communication networks between the head office and its branches at home and abroad. Xinhua News Agency has signed agreements with more than 80 overseas news agencies and opinion and news departments to exchange news and news photos. With its head office in Beijing, China News Service mainly supplies news to overseas Chinese, foreign citizens of Chinese origin, and compatriots in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, the Macao Special Administrative Region, and Taiwan. Established in 1952, it formally began to broadcast and airmail news items on October 1 of the same year. China News Service has branches and reporting stations in all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the Macao Special Administrative Region, and branches in the United States, Japan, France, Australia and other countries. As a comprehensive news agency, China News Service has modern and diversified news transmission methods. It covers a wide range of news business, mainly supplying news dispatches and photos, special dispatches, features and audio-video products to overseas Chinese media and overseas Chinese organizations. As an important organization for news exchanges between the mainland and Taiwan, its journalists have traveled to Taiwan to cover news and it has received journalists from Taiwan. Newspapers: In 1950, there were 205 newspapers in China, putting out more than 400 million copies a year. Beginning in the 1980s, newspapers have developed rapidly, and a multi-level and multi-format newspaper structure, with the Party newspapers at the core, has been formed. Apart from the Party newspapers and mass organization newspapers, there are daily, evening, morning and weekly newspapers published according to their distribution time, and peasants., workers., enterprise and professional newspapers published according to their readers. professions. Of these newspapers, some focus on transmitting economic, scientific and technological information, and some aim at satisfying cultural needs. According to statistics, by 1999, 20.1 billion copies of national-and provincial-level newspapers had been published. Currently, the main national newspapers in China are the People.s Daily and its overseas edition, Guangming Daily, Daily Economic News, Liberation Army Daily, Chinese Youth News, Chinese Women.s News, Chinese Education News, China Sports News, Workers. Daily, Peasants. Daily, Science and Technology Daily and the English-language China Daily. On June 8, 1998, the two large newspaper groups Guangming Daily and Daily Economic News were listed on China.s two stock exchanges, thus becoming the first national-level newspaper groups in China. On July 25 of the same year, the Shanghai Wen Hui Bao and Xinmin Evening News joint newspaper group was set up in Shanghai. This was an important measure to promote news reforms, and marked a new development stage for Chinese newspapers.Radio The Central People.s Broadcasting Station (CPBS), the nation.s official broadcasting station, formally began broadcasting on December 5, 1949. Now it has seven programs and broadcasts for a total of 128 hours per day. On August 15, 1954, the CPBS began to broadcast to Taiwan. Currently, its No. 5 and No. 6 programs are oriented toward people of all walks of life in Taiwan, broadcasting in standard Chinese, and the southern Fujian and Hakka dialects to Taiwan, the southeast coastal areas on the mainland, Southeast Asia and the South Pacific. The No. 7 program, called .Voice of China,. began its formal broadcasting on June 18, 1994, and broadcasts for 21 hours per day, to the Pearl River Delta, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Macao. China Radio International (CRI), the sole radio station in China beamed to all parts of the world. CRI has offices in Tokyo, Belgrade, Paris, Islamabad, Mexico City, Washington, Bonn, Bangkok, Cairo, Moscow, New York (United Nations), Brussels and Nairobi, and sends permanent correspondents to Hong Kong. It has established relations with radio organizations in more than 60 countries and regions to exchange programs and conduct personnel exchanges and mutual visits. CRI transmits or mails various programs introducing China, totaling about 1,400 hours, to foreign radio and television stations every year. CRI programs are beamed to all parts of the world in 38 foreign languages, the standard Chinese and four Chinese dialects. It broadcasts in English, Spanish, French, German and Japanese across Chinese mainland, and in English, standard Chinese and Cantonese to the Pearl River Delta area. In addition to the news programs, there are over 400 special programs. Currently, CRI is the largest overseas news organization broadcasting in the most languages in China, and ranks third in overseas broadcasting time and languages in the world.Television In spring 1958, China established its first television
station.Beijing Television, which later became China Central Television
(CCTV). Beijing Television went into operation on September 2 of the same year.
Thereafter, for quite a long period of time, television developed slowly as a
result of the nation.s slow economic development. But with the introduction of the reform and opening
policies, television entered a golden age, beginning in the 1980s. Thereafter,
in the space of eight years the television population increased by 61 million
every year. Now, there are 300 million TV sets and 1.1 billion TV viewers in
China. On May 4, 1992, Beijing Cable Television formally went into operation. Beijing viewers were delighted that they could at last watch clear images from dozens of channels instead of only a few. The Chinese government spares no efforts to help border
and remote areas get access to television broadcasts. Border and remote cities,
counties and towns now all have television transmitting and relay facilities,
and the number of television viewers is growing steadily. Television microwave
links and satellite ground stations beam programs to 24 million people of
various national minorities. China Central Television and more than 3.000 other
television stations nationwide as well as the satellite and ground network
systems constitute the largest television network in the world. This underlines
the tremendous strength of Chinese television in both quantity and quality and
greatly livens up the culture of the nation with the largest population in the
world. Besides appraisal and giving awards, the yearly Shanghai Television Festival also conducts academic television exchanges and the import and export of television programs, and holds international television set exhibitions and technology exchanges. Shanghai has become the largest television program trading market in Asia. On April 1, 1996, China Central Television leased three
satellites and four transmitters from the Pan-American Corporation, enabling it
to transmit programs on its international channel to most parts of the world. On
July 1 and October 1, 1996, the programs of CCTV.s opera and music channels were
transmitted to all parts of the world by satellites of the Pan-American
Corporation. CCTV has established business relations with more than 250 television organizations in over 130 countries and regions. Cinema The past 90 years or so have seen such excellent movies as Angels of the Street, Spring in a Small Town and Yellow Earth, and eminent movie artists such as Ruan Lingyu, Xie Jin and Zhang Yimou. In the 20 years since the introduction of China.s reform and opening to the outside world Chinese film workers have kept forging ahead and a galaxy of talented movie artists have come to the fore. Artistic productivity and creation have been vigorous. The period from the mid-1980s to the early part of the 1990s is usually called the second climax of the development of Chinese movies. During this period, with the ideological emancipation of the Chinese people, Chinese movies started to reach a stage of democratic and active artistic creation. A number of excellent movies, such as The Founding of New China, Zhou Enlai and Qiu Ju Goes to Court were shot. In the 1990s, China entered an age of particularly active economic growth. Movies advocating patriotism, collectivism and the striving for a happy life through honest labor have become the mainstream of creation. The outstanding examples of these were The Great Turning-Point, The Opium War, and Red River Valley. Another conspicuous phenomenon is the creation of movies with the themes of
.good people and good deeds,. as well as ethics. For example, In the Days Since
I Left Lei Feng, which hailed the spirit of Lei Feng, a soldier who was always
ready to help others and is well known to the Chinese people, was very popular.
The creation mode of mainstream Chinese films has been gradually improved, and
now meets the demands of the market. |
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